WinRunner might fail to recognize an object in a GUI in following cases:

- If it is not a standard windows object

- If the browser used is not compatible with the version of WinRunner in use.

GUI Map Editor may not be able to learn the objects in these cases.

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Checkpoints help to compare the behavior of current application to its previous version. There are four types of checkpoints in Winrunner:

a.) Text – reads and displays the text contents of GUI objects and bit map and in bitmaps

b.) Bitmap – compares application window or area snapshots to earlier versions of the same window or area

c.) GUI – validates GUI object information (i.e. whether a button is enabled, an item is selected in a list, etc.)

d.) Database – verifies the contents and size of a set of results (based on a database query)

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1. Bad requirements - these requirements are unclear, incomplete, too general, or not testable. They cause problems.

2. Unrealistic schedule - Expecting too much result in too less time.

3. Inadequate testing - lack of testing causes problem as no one knows if the system will behave as expected.

4. Adding new features - after development; quite common.

5.Poor communication within the team or with the customer.

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- Drivers and stubs are a part of incremental testing.

- The two approaches used in incremental testing are: the top down and the bottom up methods.

- Drivers are used for the bottom up approach.                            

- Drivers are the modules that run the components that are being tested.

- A stub is used for the top down approach.

- It is a replacement of sorts for a component which is used to test a component that it calls.

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Inspection is deserving method with careful consideration of an organization, which concerns about the quality of the product. The process is being done by the quality control department.

Inspection is a disciplined practice for correcting defects in software artifacts.

A walk through is an evaluation process which is an informal meeting, which does not require preparation.

The product is described by the produced and queries for the comments of participants. The results are the information to the participants about the product instead of correcting it.

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Static testing is checking the application without actually running the application whereas dynamic testing checks the application by running it.

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